FEATURES

FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

Also known as CA1A_CONRE, CA1A. This toxin target two types of receptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the G-protein-coupled receptor GABA(B). It specifically inhibits the alpha-9-alpha-10/CHRNA9-CHRNA10 nAChR, with preference for rat receptors (PubMed:16445293, PubMed:21888386, PubMed:22774872, PubMed:25740413, PubMed:28223528, PubMed:18242183, PubMed:18295795). It interacts with the alpha-10(+)/alpha-9(-)interface of the receptor (PubMed:25740413). It shows a two order of magnitude species difference potency for the rat versus human alpha-9-alpha-10 nAChR, due to the Thr-86 located in the alpha-9 nAChR subunit (PubMed:22774872). This toxin also shows inhibition of high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels (Cav2.2) by acting on GABA(B) receptors (GABBR1 and GABBR2) (PubMed:18945902, PubMed:21888386). In vivo, this toxin produces an acute antinociceptive effect in peripheral nerve-injured rats, which may be related to the inhibition of immune cell buildup at the site of nerve injury (PubMed:17101979). In addition, when intramuscularly injected into rats following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, this toxin protects peripheral nervous tissues as well as prevents central maladaptive plasticity by inhibiting glial cell activation (PubMed:25008370).

EXTERNAL LINKS

CA1A

Mutations

Mutation(s) distribution

Mutations table