FEATURES

FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

Also known as KCNB1_RAT, Kcnb1. Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain (PubMed:10024359, PubMed:10618149, PubMed:12451110, PubMed:17379638, PubMed:19276663, PubMed:23878373). Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (PubMed:20484665). Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization (PubMed:2770868, PubMed:2206531, PubMed:1875913, PubMed:8083226, PubMed:8978827, PubMed:9351973, PubMed:9565597, PubMed:12560340). Can form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNB2; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (PubMed:20202934). Can also form functional heterotetrameric channels with other alpha subunits that are non-conducting when expressed alone, such as KCNF1, KCNG1, KCNG3, KCNG4, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNS1, KCNS2, KCNS3 and KCNV1, creating a functionally diverse range of channel complexes (PubMed:8670833, PubMed:8980147, PubMed:9362476, PubMed:9079713, PubMed:9305895, PubMed:9696692). Heterotetrameric channel activity formed with KCNS3 show increased current amplitude with the threshold for action potential activation shifted towards more negative values in hypoxic-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PubMed:9362476). Channel properties are also modulated by cytoplasmic ancillary beta subunits such as AMIGO1, KCNE1, KCNE2 and KCNE3, slowing activation and inactivation rate of the delayed rectifier potassium channels (PubMed:12954870, PubMed:19219384). In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Major contributor to the slowly inactivating delayed-rectifier voltage-gated potassium current in neurons of the central nervous system, sympathetic ganglion neurons, neuroendocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells (PubMed:9362476, PubMed:9616203, PubMed:10024359, PubMed:10414968, PubMed:10618149, PubMed:11463864, PubMed:12451110, PubMed:12127166, PubMed:12403834, PubMed:12621036, PubMed:12807875, PubMed:12832499, PubMed:12954870, PubMed:15322114, PubMed:15195093, PubMed:16407566, PubMed:17301173, PubMed:17379638, PubMed:18463252, PubMed:18167541, PubMed:19276663, PubMed:20484665, PubMed:21518833, PubMed:22411134, PubMed:23878373). Mediates the major part of the somatodendritic delayed-rectifier potassium current in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons and sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (CGC) neurons that acts to slow down periods of firing, especially during high frequency stimulation (PubMed:10618149, PubMed:12451110, PubMed:16319318, PubMed:17379638, PubMed:19276663, PubMed:23878373, PubMed:16917065). Plays a role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of neuron excitability in the CA3 layer of the hippocampus (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of glucose-induced action potential amplitude and duration in pancreatic beta cells, hence limiting calcium influx and insulin secretion (PubMed:11463864). Plays a role in the regulation of resting membrane potential and contraction in hypoxia-treated pulmonary artery smo Homotetramer or heterotetramer with KCNB2 (PubMed:20202934). Heterotetramer with non-conducting channel-forming alpha subunits such as KCNF1, KCNG1, KCNG3, KCNG4, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNS1, KCNS2, KCNS3 and KCNV1 (PubMed:8670833, PubMed:8980147, PubMed:9362476, PubMed:9079713, PubMed:9305895, PubMed:9696692). Channel activity is regulated by association with ancillary beta subunits such as AMIGO1, KCNE1, KCNE2 and KCNE3 (PubMed:12954870, PubMed:19219384). Self-associates (via N-terminus and C-terminus); self-association is required to regulate trafficking, gating and C-terminal phosphorylation-dependent modulation of the channel (PubMed:12560340, PubMed:18463252, PubMed:19690160). Interacts (via C-terminus) with STX1A (via C-terminus); this decreases the rate of channel activation and increases the rate of channel inactivation in pancreatic beta cells, induces also neuronal apoptosis in response to oxidative injury as well as pore-independent enhancement of exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells, chromaffin cells, pancreatic beta cells and from the soma of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons (PubMed:12621036, PubMed:12807875, PubMed:17301173, PubMed:18167541, PubMed:19077057, PubMed:20484665, PubMed:22411134, PubMed:24928958). Interacts (via N-terminus) with SNAP25; this decreases the rate of channel inactivation in pancreatic beta cells and also increases interaction during neuronal apoptosis in a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent manner (PubMed:12403834, PubMed:12807875, PubMed:19077057). Interacts (via N-terminus and C-terminus) with VAMP2 (via N-terminus); stimulates channel inactivation rate (PubMed:18542995, PubMed:19690160, PubMed:19077057). Interacts with CREB1; this promotes channel acetylation in response to stimulation by incretin hormones (PubMed:21818121). Interacts (via N-terminus and C-terminus) with MYL12B (PubMed:24569993). Interacts (via N-terminus) with PIAS3; this increases the number of functional channels at the cell surface (PubMed:9565597). Interacts with SUMO1. Interacts (via phosphorylated form) with PTPRE; this reduces phosphorylation and channel activity in heterologous cells (By similarity).

EXTERNAL LINKS

Kcnb1

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1

Kcnb1

Molecular Synopsis