FEATURES

FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

Also known as TPA_RANTE, TPA. Amphipathic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and moderate activity against fungi (PubMed:9022710, PubMed:15513914, PubMed:16867990, PubMed:18255189, PubMed:18370376). Mainly acts by causing membrane permeabilization (Probable). Is also able to kill S.aureus (both wild-type and MRSA) that are internalized in human keratinocytes without injuring host cells (PubMed:24514087). Rapidly inactivates both channel catfish herpesvirus (ED(50)=15 uM) and frog virus 3 (ED(50)=58 uM) over a wide temperature range (PubMed:15193922). Also displays anti-leishmania activity by damaging parasite membrane (PubMed:15513914, PubMed:25668079). Acts synergistically with temporin-L which improves temporin-1Ta activity by preventing its self-association in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (PubMed:16867990). Does not show hemolytic activity (PubMed:15513914). In vitro, stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells in a dose-dependent manner without increasing intracellular calcium, protects beta-cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis and augments beta-cells proliferation (PubMed:29349894). In vivo, intraperitoneal injection together with a glucose load into mice does not have effect on plasma glucose levels (PubMed:29349894). In vivo, when tested on mice with methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds, this peptide inhibits bacterial growth and shows wound healing effect (PubMed:18255189). In vitro, promotes cell migration and wound healing (PubMed:24514087). Forms helical oligomeric structures in LPS lipids, the major constituent of Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane (Probable). Adopts monomeric helical conformations when bound to bacterial (anionic) and eukaryotic (zwitterionic) model membranes (PubMed:18370376). In Gram-positive bacterial mimetic membranes, the aggregation is weakly pronounced, and penetration proceeds more rapidly and is deeper than in Gram-negative bacterial mimetic membranes where aggregation is high (By similarity). Self-association is prevented by temporin-L (PubMed:16867990).

EXTERNAL LINKS

TPA

Mutations

Mutation(s) distribution

Mutations table