FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

Also known as CDIA_ECOL5, cdiA. Toxic component of a toxin-immunity protein module, which functions as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. CDI modules allow bacteria to communicate with and inhibit the growth of closely related neighboring bacteria in a contact-dependent fashion (target cell counts decrease 100- to 1000-fold). CdiA toxicity is neutralized by its cognate immunity protein CdiI, but not by CdiI from other bacteria (PubMed:23469034, PubMed:24889811). Uses heterotrimeric OmpC and OmpF as target cell outer membrane receptors; receptor function depends on polymorphisms in extracellular loops L4 and L5 of OmpC; interacts with itself and closely related bacteria but also with OmpC from E.cloacae ATCC 13047. Its ability to preferentially bind to 'self' receptors suggests it may also play a role in self-recognition and kin selection (PubMed:27723824). A bamA mutation that decreases its expression about 5-fold is partially resistant to this strain of CdiA, probably due to decreased outer membrane receptor protein assembly (PubMed:23469034). Isolated CdiA-CT is imported in an F-pilus-mediated fashion; CdiA-CT inhibits F-mediated conjugation, probably via its N-terminus (residues 3016-3097), although it is not clear if this is physiologically significant (PubMed:24889811). Gains access to the cytoplasm of target cells by using integral inner membrane protein FtsH (PubMed:26305955). The C-terminal domain (CT) cleaves within tRNA anticodon loops (PubMed:22333533, PubMed:24889811); this activity is inhibited by cognate CdiI (PubMed:21085179, PubMed:22333533, PubMed:24889811). tRNase activity of CdiA-CT is stimulated by CysK, although the extreme C-terminus (residues 3098-3242) has tRNase activity in the absence of CysK. In vivo CDI toxicity requires CysK (PubMed:22333533, PubMed:24889811). CysK stabilizes CdiA-CT, allowing it to bind tRNA substrate; neither CdiA-CT nor CysK bind tRNA alone in vitro (PubMed:27531961). Purified CdiA-CT (residues 3016-3242) inhibits E.coli cell growth when added to cultures alone or in complex with cognate CdiI, growth is inhibited when cognate CdiI is present within the cell but not when a CdiA-CT/CdiI complex is added extracellularly, suggesting CdiA-CT alone but not the CdiA-CT/CdiI complex is imported into the target cell (PubMed:24889811)., The CdiA protein is thought to be exported from the cell through the central lumen of CdiB, the other half of its two-partner system (TPS). The TPS domain probably remains associated with CdiB while the FHA-1 domain forms an extended filament with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) at its extremity; in the secretion arrested state the C-terminus of the RBD and YP domains form a hairpin-like structure as the FHA-2, PT and CT domains are periplasmic. The YP domain is probably responsible for this arrest at the point where it re-enters the host cell periplasm. Upon binding to a target cell outer membrane receptor (heterotrimeric OmpC-OmpF for this CDI) a signal is transmitted to activate secretion. The filament elongates slightly, the rest of CdiA is secreted and the FHA-2 domain becomes stably associated with the target cell's outer membrane where it facilitates entry of the toxic CT domain into the target cell periplasm. From there the toxic CT domain is cleaved and gains access to the target cell cytoplasm via an inner membrane protein (FtsH for this CDI). The C-terminal (CT) domain interacts with cognate CdiI but not non-cognate CdiI from D.dadantii strain 3937 (PubMed:21085179). CdiA-CT also interacts with CysK; this is blocked upon preincubation with O-acetyl-L-serine. CysK forms a complex with CdiA-CT/CdiI (PubMed:22333533). One CdiA toxin subunit binds to each subunit of the CysK homodimer, and one CdiI immunity protein binds to each toxin subunit; the immune complex is thus a dimer of trimers. The 4 C-terminal residues of CdiA fit into the active site of CysK (PubMed:27531961).

EXTERNAL LINKS

cdiA

Mutations

Mutation(s) distribution

Mutations table