FEATURES

FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

Also known as TREX1_HUMAN, TREX1. Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini. Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity. Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements. Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the IFN-stimulatory DNA (ISD) response and innate immune signaling. Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the processing of aberrant DNA replication intermediates. Inefficiently degrades oxidized DNA, such as that generated upon antimicrobial reactive oxygen production or upon absorption of UV light. During GZMA-mediated cell death, contributes to DNA damage in concert with NME1. NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair. Homodimer. Interacts (via proline-rich region) with TCERG1/CA150 (via the second WW domain). Component of the SET complex, composed of at least ANP32A, APEX1, HMGB2, NME1, SET and TREX1. Within this complex, directly interacts with SET; this interaction does not result in TREX1 inhibition. Also interacts with NME1, but only following translocation to the nucleus. Directly interacts with UBQLN1 (via ubiquitin-like domain); the interaction may control TREX1 subcellular location.

EXTERNAL LINKS

TREX1

Three-prime repair exonuclease 1

TREX1

Molecular Synopsis