FEATURES

FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

Also known as NLRP1_HUMAN, NLRP1, CARD7, DEFCAP, KIAA0926, NAC, NALP1. Acts as the sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, which mediates inflammasome activation in response to various pathogen-associated signals, leading to subsequent pyroptosis (PubMed:22665479, PubMed:12191486, PubMed:17349957, PubMed:27662089, PubMed:31484767, PubMed:33093214). Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals and play critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation (PubMed:22665479, PubMed:12191486, PubMed:17349957). Acts as a recognition receptor (PRR): recognizes specific pathogens and other damage-associated signals, such as cleavage by human rhinoviruses 14 and 16 (HRV-14 and HRV-16), double-stranded RNA or Val-boroPro inhibitor, and mediates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex composed of NLRP1, CASP1 and PYCARD/ASC (PubMed:22665479, PubMed:12191486, PubMed:17349957, PubMed:30291141, PubMed:33243852, PubMed:33093214). In response to pathogen-associated signals, the N-terminal part of NLRP1 is degraded by the proteasome, releasing the cleaved C-terminal part of the protein (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1, C-terminus), which polymerizes and associates with PYCARD/ASC to initiate the formation of the inflammasome complex: the NLRP1 inflammasome recruits pro-caspase-1 (proCASP1) and promotes caspase-1 (CASP1) activation, which subsequently cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18 and gasdermin-D (GSDMD), leading to pyroptosis (PubMed:22665479, PubMed:12191486, PubMed:17349957, PubMed:32051255, PubMed:33093214). Activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion; the active cytokines and HMGB1 stimulate inflammatory responses (PubMed:22801494). Binds ATP and shows ATPase activity (PubMed:11113115, PubMed:15212762, PubMed:33243852). Plays an important role in antiviral immunity and inflammation in the human airway epithelium (PubMed:33093214). Specifically recognizes a number of pathogen-associated signals: upon infection by human rhinoviruses 14 and 16 (HRV-14 and HRV-16), NLRP1 is cleaved and activated which triggers NLRP1-dependent inflammasome activation and IL18 secretion (PubMed:33093214). Positive-strand RNA viruses such as. Semliki forest virus and long dsRNA activate the NLRP1 inflammasome, triggering IL1B release in a NLRP1-dependent fashion (PubMed:33243852). Acts as a direct sensor for long dsRNA and thus RNA virus infection (PubMed:33243852). May also be activated by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, in a NOD2-dependent manner (PubMed:18511561)., Constitutes the precusor of the NLRP1 inflammasome, which mediates autoproteolytic processing within the FIIND domain to generate the N-terminal and C-terminal parts, which are associated non-covalently in absence of pathogens and other damage-associated signals., Regulatory part that prevents formation of the NLRP1 inflammasome: in absence of pathogens and other damage-associated signals, interacts with the C-terminal part of NLRP1 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1, C-terminus), preventing activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome (PubMed:33093214). In response to pathogen-associated signals, this part is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome, releasing the cleaved C-terminal part of the protein, which polymerizes and forms the NLRP1 inflammasome (PubMed:33093214)., Constitutes the active part of the NLRP1 inflammasome (PubMed:33093214). In absence of pathogens and other damage-associated signals, interacts with the N-terminal part of NLRP1 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1, N-terminus), preventing activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome (PubMed:33093214). In response to pathogen-associated signals, the N-terminal part of NLRP1 is degraded by the proteasome, releasing this form, which polymerizes and associates with PYCARD/ASC to form of the NLRP1 inflammasome complex: the NLRP1 inflammasome complex then directly recruits pro-caspase-1 (p Interacts (via LRR repeats) with BCL2 and BCL2L1 (via the loop between motifs BH4 and BH3); these interactions reduce NLRP1 inflammasome-induced CASP1 activation and IL1B release, possibly by impairing NLRP1 interaction with PYCARD (PubMed:17418785). Interacts with NOD2; this interaction is enhanced in the presence of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and increases IL1B release (PubMed:18511561). Interacts with EIF2AK2/PKR; this interaction requires EIF2AK2 activity, is accompanied by EIF2AK2 autophosphorylation and promotes inflammasome assembly in response to danger-associated signals (PubMed:22801494). Interacts with MEFV; this interaction targets NLRP1 to degradation by autophagy, hence preventing excessive IL1B- and IL18-mediated inflammation (PubMed:17431422, PubMed:26347139). Binds (via LRR domain) to dsDNA and dsRNA (PubMed:33243852). Interacts with DPP8; leading to inhibit activation of the inflammasome via an unknown mechanism (PubMed:31525884). Interacts with DPP9; leading to inhibit activation of the inflammasome via an unknown mechanism (PubMed:30291141, PubMed:31525884).

Also known as NLRP1_HUMAN, NLRP1, CARD7, DEFCAP, KIAA0926, NAC, NALP1. Acts as the sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, which mediates inflammasome activation in response to various path ...

EXTERNAL LINKS

NLRP1

Mutations

Mutation(s) distribution

Mutations table